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Clays are fine-grained sediments formed prevalently by clay minerals. According to the prevailing component we can define kaolinite, montmorillonitic and illitic clays. Various types of clays found in these locations differ as for their origin, composition, and subsequently, their technological properties. Such properties enable the usage within a whole range of applications, not only in the ceramics industry.
The typical characteristics of kaolin clays are, first of all: good sintering properties, from medium to high binding capacity, and a hard compact body. These clays are used as a binding and refractory component in terms of the production of refractory materials, having a high compactness and strength, both in the dry condition as well as for the firing.
These are kaolinit porous clays with an elevated content of free quartz and muscovite. Their typical features are: a high degree of absorption capacity and a grey-white colour after the firing. They possess a high degree of refractoriness and a low content of melting admixtures.
These are kaolinit clays with a low content of free quartz and mica. Their typical features are: porousness of the body and a white to grey-white burning colour. They possess a high degree of refractoriness as well as of the sintering temperature, a sufficient strength and binding capacity.
They are represented by kaolin-illitic clays. For them it is typical a low degree of refractoriness and sometimes also a good sintering capacity. They have a sufficient binding capacity and their colour after the firing is from grey-green to deep brown.
They are represented by the binding clay with a very low sintering temperature. In case of a higher temperature it expands. The colour of the firing is brown.
